The aim of the present study is to develop an operational forecasting system for flash floods in mountainous areas in Taiwan by integrating numerical meteorological, hydrologicalhydrodynamic modelsa visualization computer program.

The purpose of this software is to implement real-time radar monitoring technique in meteorological service through industry-academia cooperation. The design transforms professional weather webpage into APP software, which is available for mobile devices, it also provides notification service by using GPS positioning system. This is an experimental product which integrates radar observational data in Taiwan with the latest observation data from FORMOSAT-7. By using data assimilation method and radar reflectivity extrapolation method, it develops real-time early warning technique and provides probability of precipitation information in future 1 hour.

"WISSDOM uses radial winds observed by multiple Doppler weather radars to synthesize the 3D wind fields in the atmosphere. Using variational approach to make the retrieved winds satisfy the following mathematicalphysical laws : (1)The geometric relationship between the retrieved windsthe radial winds observed by each individual radar (2)anelastic continuity equation (3)vertical vorticity equation (4) background wind field (5) Laplacian smoothing term. Special treatment is made allowing direct wind retrieval over complex terrain, which is necessary for weather analysis in Taiwan."

After the publication of TEM PSHA2015. Updated version to the TEM PSHA2019, we considered updated seismogenic structure database, newly identified structure with 3D geometry, an earthquake catalog to 2016, state-of-the-art seismic models,site amplification factors. The ETAS (Epidemic-Type Aftershock Sequence) model aims to forecast the aftershocks from a large mainshock in real-timereduce its effectiveness.

Concerning the uncertainty of assuming well-mixed aerosols within the planetary boundary layer, a sensible aerosol vertical distribution described by a log-normal fitting function is proposed to provide more realistic single-peak extinction profile with a decadal MPL in situ dataset. The performance of fitted single-peak aerosol profiles can reach up 0.8973 of correlation coefficient when considering the seasonal variations in PBLH and the surface layer height of well-mixed aerosols. Eventually, not only the aerosol extinction profile but also the 3-dimensional distribution are promising to be created from satellite AOD retrieval with PBLH information for providing accurate PM2.5 monitoring over a regional scale.