The invention belongs to the field of low-temperature electrochemical graphitizationis improved by the FFC-Cambridge Process. In comparison to the traditional process, the invention can be at a low temperature of 850oCshorter process time. This strategy can convert carbon blacks into high-value graphite (graphene). The method is simple, low temperature, without adding catalyzer,low-cost. The products have a wide range of applications such as energy storage, catalysis, absorption, separation, processing metal cutter, precision die, aeronautics,astronautics.

The electrochemical sensor can detect bioaminesall amino acids without chemically labeling proceduresenzymatic catalysisbe capable of performing the measurement in pH-varied solutions . The electrodes can be modified with a specific membrane for the selective detection of histamineintegrated with a separation device to perform high selective detection of multi-analytes.

The performance of Li-ion batteries mainly depends on electrode active material properties. However, the advanced characterization of obtaining the essential electrode materials properties is extremely required for electrode materials R&D. We developed the world＇s first single-particle electrode measurement, which shows precise electrochemical measurements of obtaining the essential electrode materials properties. Single-particle electrode measurement will become the vital characterization technology for electrode materials R&D in Li-ion batteries as well as advanced rechargeable batteries.

In the prior art of high-efficiency anode materials for lithium-ion batteries, we designed a high-entropy compositionmanufactured it through a simplemass production method. This technology inherits the cocktail effect of high-entropy alloys by combining highly active elementsmetal elements. This material can be manufactured by a simple mass production method. It shows high energy density, high Coulomb efficiencyhigh cycle stability,becomes a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries.