The AR-assisted endoscopic navigation system for brain surgery combines CT/MRI images, 3D cerebrovascular/nerve models,endoscopic images for surgical planningnavigation. AR glasses can display the 3D navigation inside the patient＇s skull, providing surgeons with intuitive 3D surgical navigation. In addition, the cerebrovascular/nerve model is also superimposed on the endoscopic image, allowing the surgeon to predict the upcoming surgical situation. The AR display endoscopic images can be simultaneously transmitted to the remote site for assistance through 5G communication.

To train neurosurgery internsincrease their confidencesurgical skills, we employed 3D printing, mold design,casting technology to develop medical simulators. The simulators allow students to adjust the angle of the head based on the location of the angioma (brain tumor), perform a craniotomy, move the soft tissue of the brain aside using forceps, locate the angioma (brain tumor),clip the angioma (remove the brain tumor) using medical instruments,complete the entire training while artificial blood is flowing through the simulator.