Monoglycosylated spike protein vaccine provides better protection against infections of SARS-CoV-2its variants of concern. Spike protein, which is the main immunogen in all current vaccines, is heavily glycosylatedthe epitopes covered by glycans are usually less immunogenic. Monoglycosylated spike protein vaccine, when vaccinated, can elicit better immune response with a more complete protection against all possible epitopes from spike polypeptide sequence,provide better protection against infections from variants of concerns.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected human cell through ACE2. This study is developing a Pd nano-thin film electrode for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. This invention can quantify neutralize antibody too. The detection platform can be used to screen 1 microliter anti-virus infection drug sample within 21 mins. Compare to SPR standard, our invention only needs 1/10000 concentration of ACE2reaction volume is ~1/30 than SPR. This invention can be adapted in detection of cancer markers,other emergency infection diseasestherapeutic drugs, too.