A 3D wireless tracking system for minimally invasive spine surgery navigation is developed based on the mm-wave radar technique. It has the benefit of multi-target trackingsmall-sized transponder. With the cooperation of radar systemtriangulation algorithm, the maximum error of 3D positioning is less than 1.8 mm in the distance of 1.2 m

The AR-assisted endoscopic navigation system for brain surgery combines CT/MRI images, 3D cerebrovascular/nerve models,endoscopic images for surgical planningnavigation. AR glasses can display the 3D navigation inside the patient＇s skull, providing surgeons with intuitive 3D surgical navigation. In addition, the cerebrovascular/nerve model is also superimposed on the endoscopic image, allowing the surgeon to predict the upcoming surgical situation. The AR display endoscopic images can be simultaneously transmitted to the remote site for assistance through 5G communication.