Technical Name METHOD FOR PRODUCING POLYMER NANOFOAM
Project Operator National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
Summary
In this invention, Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nano-cellular foams were successfully manufactured using two-step solid state foaming. PMMA of three different molecular weights was saturated in CO2 at 2000 psi (13.78MPa) and at different temperatures and the samples were subsequently foamed in a hot medium.
The results show that although the CO2 solubilities in PMMA of different molecular weights are similar, the morphology of the PMMA foams was very different. Nanofoams with a cell size of about 30-40 nm, and cell density of 1016cells / cm3 were successfully prepared using high molecular weight PMMA. The lowest relative density of the foam is around 0.25. However, PMMA of medium and low molecular weight could not generate nanocellular foams under the same processing conditions. The results first report that viscosity is one of the critical issues that affects the preparation of PMMA nanofoam.
Scientific Breakthrough
目前美國專利的技術中,有生產PMMA奈米泡的相關技術,但其中一種專利(US8529808 B2)需要超高壓力(70 MPa)和超高壓降速率15000~200000 MPa/sec,在PMMA含浸於二氧化碳之後一次發泡完成,另外一個專利(WO2014210523 A1),則是只使用一種等級的PMMA製備出奈米泡,而事實上不是每一種PMMA在相同的加工條件下都能製備出奈米泡。和高分子的黏度極為有關。我們使用了不同於前兩種專利的實驗方法,並且比較了不同黏度的PMMA在相同的加工條件下,是否能發出奈米泡,目前並沒有專利申請將條件鎖定在黏度,且本專利製備的材料,孔徑較前述第二個專利能發出的最小泡孔類似(30-40 nm),但相對密度卻較低,(0.5 vs 0.25)。且創造出奈米泡所使用的發泡壓力和含浸溫度也不同。
Industrial Applicability
根據BCC Research的研究報告,2015年全美國的發泡產業大概接近93億磅/年,且會以2.8%的年複合成長率增長直至2020年。全球高分子發泡市場2017年最新的數據是1053.7億美金,並且以7.5~8.5%的速率持續增長,預計3-4年內會達到1720億美金。可說此市場一直處於健康而穩定的成長狀態。發泡材料其中一個最重要的應用是絕緣,目前由於全球暖化效應的上升和未來可能的能源短缺,熱絕緣材料方面的法規一直在不停地更新,開發更先進的的熱絕緣發泡材料,更是此領域裡面的關鍵技術。例如過去常用Freon當作發泡劑,且製備的泡材不僅密度低,而且維持時間久,但當Freon因為會造成全球暖化問題被禁用之後,其他的發泡劑無法製備具有相同熱傳係數的絕熱材料,因此,北美地區,製造低密度、低熱傳係數的泡材,是工業界和學界共同的重要研究課題,奈米泡的出現,在熱傳係數立下了新的里程碑,帶來了新的契機,且除了絕熱之外,還有超結構等特性,是居關鍵地位的先進材料,由於背後有極巨大的商機,因此奈米發泡材料這幾年來成為此領域中最熱門的研究課題。
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